References

Aasamaa, Krõõt, and Pedro José Aphalo. 2017. “The Acclimation of Tilia Cordata Stomatal Opening in Response to Light, and Stomatal Anatomy to Vegetational Shade and Its Components.” Tree Physiology 37 (September): 209–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpw091.

Ač, Alexander, Marcel A. K. Jansen, John Grace, and Otmar Urban. 2024. “Unravelling the Neglected Role of Ultraviolet Radiation on Stomata: A Meta‐analysis with Implications for Modelling Ecosystem–Climate Interactions.” Plant, Cell &Amp; Environment 47 (5): 1769–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14841.

Ahmad, Margaret, Paul Galland, Thorsten Ritz, Roswitha Wiltschko, and Wolfgang Wiltschko. 2007. “Magnetic Intensity Affects Cryptochrome-Dependent Responses in Arabidopsis Thaliana.” Planta 225 (3): 615–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0383-0.

Albert, A., and P. Gege. 2006. “Inversion of Irradiance and Remote Sensing Reflectance in Shallow Water Between 400 and 800 Nm for Calculations of Water and Bottom Properties.” Applied Optics 45: 2331–43. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.002331.

Albert, A., and C. D. Mobley. 2003. “An Analytical Model for Subsurface Irradiance and Remote Sensing Reflectance in Deep and Shallow Case-2 Waters.” Optics Express 11 (22): 2873–90. http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-22-2873.

Allen, L. H., H. W. Gausman, and W. A. Allen. 1975. “Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Terrestrial Plant Communities.” Journal of Environmental Quality 4 (3): 285–94. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1975.00472425000400030001x.

Anderson, JM, WS Chow, and DJ Goodchild. 1988. “Thylakoid Membrane Organisation in Sun/Shade Acclimation.” Functional Plant Biology 15: 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9880011.

Aphalo, P. J. 2003. “Do Current Levels of UV-B Radiation Affect Vegetation? The Importance of Long-Term Experiments.” New Phytologist 160: 273–76. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00905.x.

Aphalo, P. J., A. Albert, L. O. Björn, A. R. McLeod, T. M. Robson, and E. Rosenqvist, eds. 2012. Beyond the Visible: A Handbook of Best Practice in Plant UV Photobiology. 1st ed. COST Action FA0906 "UV4growth". Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, Division of Plant Biology. http://hdl.handle.net/10138/37558.

Aphalo, P. J., R. Tegelberg, and R. Julkunen-Tiitto. 1999. “The Modulated UV-B Irradiation System at the University of Joensuu.” Biotronics 28: 109–20. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006175827/en.

Aphalo, Pedro J. 2020. “Absorbance, Absorptance and Friends.” UV4Plants Bulletin 2020 (1): 45–60. https://doi.org/10.19232/uv4pb.2020.1.12.

Aphalo, Pedro José. 2020. “Reproducibility of UV-Research with Plants.” UV4Plants Bulletin 2020 (1): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.19232/uv4pb.2020.1.24.

Aphalo, Pedro J., and Victor O. Sadras. 2022. “Explaining Preemptive Acclimation by Linking Information to Plant Phenotype.” Edited by Roland Pieruschka. Journal of Experimental Botany 73 (15): 5213–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab537.

Arends, G., R. K. A. M. Mallant, E. van Wensveen, and J. M. Gouman. 1988. “A Fog Chamber for the Study of Chemical Reactions.” Report - ECN - 210. Petten, Netherlands: Netherlands Energy Research Foundation.

Arfsten, D. P., D. J. Schaeffer, and D. C. Mulveny. 1996. “The Effects of Near Ultraviolet Radiation on the Toxic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Animals and Plants: A Review.” Ecotoxicology and Environment Safety 33: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.1996.0001.

Arts, M. T., R. D. Robarts, F. Kasai, M. J. Waiser, V. P. Tumber, A. J. Plante, H. Rai, and H. J. de Lange. 2000. “The Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation in High Dissolved Organic Carbon Waters of Wetlands and Lakes on the Northern Great Plains.” Limnology and Oceanography 45: 292–99. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2670483.

Austin, Amy T, and Carlos L Ballaré. 2010. “Dual Role of Lignin in Plant Litter Decomposition in Terrestrial Ecosystems.” Procceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A 107: 4618–22. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0909396107.

Bakker, J. C., G. P. A. Bot, H. Challa, and N. J. Vand de Braak, eds. 1995. Greenhouse Climate Control: An Integrated Approach. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-501-7.

Barnes, Paul W. 2017. “Understanding the Ecological Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in the Life (and Death) of Terrestrial Plants.” UV4Plants Bulletin, no. 2016:2 (March): 8–15. https://doi.org/10.19232/uv4pb.2016.2.12.

Barnes, Paul W., Stephan D. Flint, Ronald J. Ryel, Mark A. Tobler, Anne E. Barkley, and Jason J. Wargent. 2015. “Rediscovering Leaf Optical Properties: New Insights into Plant Acclimation to Solar UV Radiation.” Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 93 (August): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.11.015.

Barnes, Paul W, Stephan D Flint, James R Slusser, Wei Gao, and Ronald J Ryel. 2008. “Diurnal Changes in Epidermal UV Transmittance of Plants in Naturally High UV Environments.” Physiologia Plantarum 133: 363–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01084.x.

Barnes, Paul W., Marcel A. K. Jansen, Gareth I. Jenkins, Filip Vandenbussche, Craig C. Brelsford, Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś, Wolfgang Bilger, et al. 2018. “The Importance and Direction of Current and Future Plant-UV Research: Break-Out Session Discussions at the UV4Plants Network Meeting in Bled (April 15th -18th , 2018).” UV4Plants Bulletin 2018: 19–32. https://doi.org/10.19232/uv4pb.2018.2.11.

Bazzaz, F. A., and Roger W. Carlson. 1982. “Photosynthetic Acclimation to Variability in the Light Environment of Early and Late Successional Plants.” Oecologia 54: 313–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379999.

Belzile, C., S. Demers, D. R. S. Lean, B. Mostajir, S. Roy, S. de Mora, D. Bird, M. Gosselin, J. P. Chanut, and M. Levasseur. 1998. “An Experimental Tool to Study the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Planktonic Communities: A Mesocosm Approach.” Environmental Technology 19: 667–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593331908616723.

Belzile, Claude, Serge Demers, Gustavo A. Ferreyra, Irene Schloss, Christian Nozais, Karine Lacoste, Behzad Mostajir, et al. 2006. “UV Effects on Marine Planktonic Food Webs: A Synthesis of Results from Mesocosm Studies.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 850–56. https://doi.org/10.1562/2005-09-27-RA-699.

Bentham. 1997. “A Guide to Spectroradiometry: Instruments & Applications for the Ultraviolet.” Reading, U.K.: Bentham Instruments Ltd.

Bérces, A., A. Fekete, S. Gáspár, P. Gróf, P. Rettberg, G. Horneck, and G. Rontó. 1999. “Biological UV Dosimeters in the Assessment of the Biological Hazard from Environmental Radiation.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B 53 (1-3): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(99)00123-2.

Berger, D. S. 1976. “The Sunburning Ultraviolet Meter: Design and Performance.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 24: 587–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1976.tb06877.x.

Beytes, C., ed. 2003. Ball Red Book: Greenhouses and Equipment. 17th ed. Batavia, IL, USA: Ball Publishing.

Bickford, E. D., and S. Dunn. 1972. Lighting for Plant Growth. Ohio, USA: Kent State University Press.

Bilger, W., T. Johnsen, and U. Schreiber. 2001. “UV-Excited Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Tool for the Assessment of UV-Protection by Epidermins of Plants.” Journal of Experimental Botany 52: 2007–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/52.363.2007.

Bilger, W., M. Veit, L. Schreiber, and U. Schreiber. 1997. “Measurement of Leaf Epidermal Transmittance of UV Radiation by Chlorophyll Fluorescence.” Physiologia Plantarum 101 (4): 754–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01060.x.

Bird, R. E., and C. Riordan. 1986. “Simple Solar Spectral Model for Direct and Diffuse Irradiance on Horizontal and Tilted Planes at the Earth’s Surface for Cloudless Atmospheres.” Article. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 25 (1): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025%3C0087:SSSMFD%3E2.0.CO;2.

Bischof, K., I. Gómez, M. Molis, D. Hanelt, U. Karsten, U. Lüder, M. Y. Roleda, K. Zacher, and C. Wiencke. 2006. “Ultraviolet Radiation Shapes Seaweed Communities.” Reviews in Evironmental Science and Biotechnology 51: 141–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-006-0002-3.

Björn, L. O. 1995. “Estimation of Fluence Rate from Irradiance Measurements with a Cosine-Corrected Sensor.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology 29: 179–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(95)07135-O.

———. 2015. Photobiology: The Science of Light and Life. 3rd ed. New York: Springer. https://books.google.fi/books?id=VDgLBgAAQBAJ.

Björn, L. O., and T. M. Murphy. 1985. “Computer Calculation of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at Ground Level.” Physiologie Végétale 23: 555–61.

Björn, L. O., and A. H. Teramura. 1993. “Simulation of Daylight Ultraviolet Radiation and Effects of Ozone Depletion.” In Environmental UV Photobiology, edited by A. R. Young, L. O. Björn, J. Moan, and W. Nultsch, 41–71. New York: Plenum Press.

Björn, L. O., and T. C. Vogelmann. 1996. “Quantifying Light and Ultraviolet Radiation in Plant Biology.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 64: 403–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03084.x.

Björn, Lars Olof, ed. 2007. Photobiology: The Science of Life and Light. 2nd ed. Springer.

Bloom, A. Anthony, Julia Lee-Taylor, Sasha Madronich, David J. Messenger, Paul I. Palmer, David S. Reay, and Andy R. McLeod. 2010. “Global Methane Emission Estimates from Ultraviolet Irradiation of Terrestrial Plant Foliage.” New Phytologist 187 (2): 417–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03259.x.

Bolker, Benjamin M. 2008. Ecological Models and Data in r. Princeton University Press.

Booker, F. L., E. L. Fiscus, R. B. Philbeck, A. S. Heagle, J. E. Miller, and W. W. Heck. 1992. “A Supplemental Ultraviolet-B Radiation System for Open-Top Chambers.” Journal of Environmental Quality 21: 56–61.

Bornman, J. F., and T. C. Vogelmann. 1988. “Penetration by Blue and UV Radiation Measured by Fiber Optics in Spruce and Fir Needles.” Physiologia Plantarum 72 (4): 699–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb06368.x.

Bowman, W D, and J N Demas. 1976. “Ferrioxalate Actinometry - Warning on Its Correct Use.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 80 (21): 2434–35. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100562a025.

Braslavsky, S. E. 2007. “Glossary of Terms Used in Photochemistry 3(rd) Edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2006).” Pure and Applied Chemistry 79 (3): 293–465. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200779030293.

Brelsford, Craig C., Luis O. Morales, Jakub Nezval, Titta K. Kotilainen, Saara M. Hartikainen, Pedro J. Aphalo, and T. Matthew Robson. 2018. “Do UV-a Radiation and Blue Light During Growth Prime Leaves to Cope with Acute High-Light in Photoreceptor Mutants of Arabidopsis Thaliana ?” Physiologia Plantarum 165 (April): 537–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12749.

Bricaud, A., M. Babin, A. Morel, and H. Claustre. 1995. “Variability in the Chlorophyll-Specific Absorption Coefficients of Natural Phytoplankton: Analysis and Parameterization.” Journal of Geophysical Research 100 (C7): 13321–32.

Bricaud, A., A. Morel, and L. Prieur. 1981. “Absorption by Dissolved Organic Matter of the Sea (Yellow Substance) in the UV and Visible Domains.” Limnology and Oceanography 26 (1): 43–53. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2835805.

Brown, M. J., G. G. Parker, and N. E. Posner. 1994. “A Survey of Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Forests.” Journal of Ecology 82 (4): 843–54. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2261448.

Buiteveld, H., J. H. M. Hakvoort, and M. Donze. 1994. “The Optical Properties of Pure Water.” In Proceedings of SPIE “Ocean Optics XII”, 2258:174–83. International Society for Optical Engineering.

Cabello-Pasini, A., E. Aguirre-von-Wobeser, and F. L. Figueroa. 2000. “Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis in (), () and () in Outdoor Culture Systems.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 57: 169–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(00)00095-6.

Caldwell, M. M. 1971. “Solar UV Irradiation and the Growth and Development of Higher Plants.” In Photophysiology, edited by A. C. Giese, 6:131–77. New York: Academic Press.

Caldwell, M. M., and S. D. Flint. 1994a. “Lighting Considerations in Controlled Environments for Nonphotosynthetic Plant Responses to Blue and Ultraviolet Radiation.” In Proceedings of the International Lighting in Controlled Environments Workshop, NASA-CP-95-3309:113–24.

———. 1994b. “Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar UV-B Radiation and Terrestrial Ecosystems.” Climatic Change 28 (4): 375–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01104080.

Caldwell, M. M., S. D. Flint, and P. S. Searles. 1994. “Spectral Balance and UV-B Sensitivity of Soybean: A Field Experiment.” Plant, Cell and Environment 17 (3): 267–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00292.x.

Caldwell, M. M., W. G. Gold, G. Harris, and C. W. Ashurst. 1983. “A Modulated Lamp System for Solar UV-B (280-320 Nm) Supplementation Studies in the Field.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 37: 479–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1983.tb04503.x.

Caldwell, M. M., A. H. Teramura, and M. Tevini. 1989. “The Changing Solar Ultraviolet Climate and the Ecological Consequences for Higher Plants.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 4 (12): 363–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(89)90100-6.

Caldwell, Martyn M., and Stephan D. Flint. 2006. “Use and Evaluation of Biological Spectral UV Weighting Functions for the Ozone Reduction Issue.” In Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models, edited by Francesco Ghetti, Giovanni Checcucci, and Janet F. Bornman, 57:71–84. NATO Science Series. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3697-3.

Campbell, G. S., and J. M. Norman. 1998. An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.

Casal, Jorge J. 2009. “Multiple Dimensions in Plant Signal Transduction: An Overview.” Methods in Molecular Biology 479: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-289-2_1.

Casal, Jorge J., and Sureshkumar Balasubramanian. 2019. “Thermomorphogenesis.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 70 (1): 321–46. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095919.

Casal, Jorge J., Rodolfo A. Sánchez, and Javier F. Botto. 1998. “Modes of Action of Phytochromes.” Journal of Experimental Botany 49 (319): 127–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/49.319.127.

Cen, Yan-Ping, and Janet F. Bornman. 1993. “The Effect of Exposure to Enhanced UV-b Radiation on the Penetration of Monochromatic and Polychromatic UV-b Radiation in Leaves of Brassica Napus.” Physiologia Plantarum 87 (3): 249–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01727.x.

Chelle, Michaël, Bruno Andrieu, and Kadi Bouatouch. 1998. “Nested Radiosity for Plant Canopies.” The Visual Computer 14 (3): 109–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003710050127.

Chelle, Michaël, Jochem B Evers, Didier Combes, Claude Varlet-Grancher, Jan Vos, and Bruno Andrieu. 2007. “Simulation of the Three-Dimensional Distribution of the Red: Far-Red Ratio Within Crop Canopies.” New Phytologist 176 (1): 223–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02161.x.

Christie, John M. 2007. “Phototropin Blue-Light Receptors.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 58: 21–45. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.58.032806.103951.

Christie, John M., Andrew S. Arvai, Katherine J. Baxter, Monika Heilmann, Ashley J. Pratt, Andrew O’Hara, Sharon M. Kelly, et al. 2012. “Plant UVR8 Photoreceptor Senses UV-b by Tryptophan-Mediated Disruption of Cross-Dimer Salt Bridges.” Science. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1218091.

Cochran, W. G. 1957. “Analysis of Covariance Its Nature and Uses.” Biometrics 13: 261–81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2527916.

Coffey, Aoife, and Marcel A. K. Jansen. 2018. “Effects of Natural Solar UV-b Radiation on Three Arabidopsis Accessions Are Strongly Affected by Seasonal Weather Conditions.” Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, June. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.016.

Cohen, E Richard, Tom Cvitas, Jeremy G Frey, Bertil Holström, Kozo Kuchitsu, Roberto Marquardt, Ian Mills, et al., eds. 2007. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847557889.

Cohen, J. 1977. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Revised edition. New York: Academic Press.

Coleman, Andrew, Robert Sarkany, and Susan Walker. 2008. “Clinical Ultraviolet Dosimetry with a CCD Monochromator Array Spectroradiometer.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 53 (18): 5239–55. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/53/18/026.

Coohill, T. P. 1992. “Action Spectroscopy and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.” In UV-B Monitoring Workshop: A Review of the Science and Status of Measuring and Monitoring Programs, C89–112. Science; Policy Associaties, Washington D.C.

Cooley, N. M., H. M. F. Truscott, M. G. Holmes, and T. H. Attridge. 2000. “Outdoor Ultraviolet Polychromatic Action Spectra for Growth Responses of and .” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 59 (1-3): 64–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(00)00141-X.

Cox, D. R. 1958. Planning of Experiments. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Cox, D. R., and Nancy Reid. 2000. The Theory of the Design of Experiments. 1st ed. Chapman; Hall/CRC.

Crawley, Michael J. 2005. Statistics: An Introduction Using r. Wiley.

———. 2007. The r Book. John Wiley; Sons Ltd.

Crestani, Gaia, Natalie Cunningham, Kristóf Csepregi, Uthman O. Badmus, and Marcel A. K. Jansen. 2023. “From Stressor to Protector, UV-Induced Abiotic Stress Resistance.” Photochemical &Amp; Photobiological Sciences 22 (9): 2189–2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-023-00441-1.

Crestani, Gaia, Kristýna Večeřová, Natalie Cunningham, Uthman O. Badmus, Otmar Urban, and Marcel A. K. Jansen. 2024. “Comprehensive Modulation of Secondary Metabolites in Terpenoid-Accumulating Mentha Spicata l. Via UV Radiation.” Plants 13 (13): 1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13131746.

Cullen, J. J., and P. J. Neale. 1997. “Biological Weighting Functions for Describing the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Aquatic Systems.” In The Effects of Ozone Depletion on Aquatic Ecosystems, edited by D.-P. Häder, 97–118. Academic Press.

D’Antoni, Hector L., Lynn J. Rothschild, Cynthia Schultz, Seth Burgess, and J. W. Skiles. 2007. “Extreme Environments in the Forests of Ushuaia, Argentina.” Geophysical Research Letters 34 (22). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031096.

D’Antoni, Hector L., Lynn J. Rothschild, and J. W. Skiles. 2008. “Reply to Comment by Stephan d. Flint Et Al. On ‘Extreme Environments in the Forests of Ushuaia, Argentina’.” Geophysical Research Letters 35 (13). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033836.

Dalgaard, P. 2002. Introductory Statistics with r. Statistics and Computing. New York: Springer.

Deckmyn, Gaby, Erwin Cayenberghs, and Reinhart Ceulemans. 2001. “UV-B and PAR in Single and Mixed Canopies Grown Under Different UV-B Exclusions in the Field.” Plant Ecology 154: 125–33. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012920716047.

Dekker, A. G. 1993. “Detection of Optical Water Quality Parameters for Eutrophic Waters by High Resolution Remote Sensing.” Cip-Gegevens Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag. PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

DeLucia, E. H., T. A. Day, and T. C. Vogelman. 1992. “Ultraviolet-B and Visible Light Penetration into Needles of Two Species of Subalpine Conifers During Foliar Development.” Plant, Cell and Environment 15 (8): 921–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1992.tb01024.x.

den Outer, P. N., H. Slaper, J. Kaurola, A. Lindfors, A. Kazantzidis, A. F. Bais, U. Feister, J. Junk, M. Janouch, and W. Josefsson. 2010. “Reconstructing of Erythemal Ultraviolet Radiation Levels in Europe for the Past 4 Decades.” Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) 115 (D14). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012827.

Depaepe, Thomas, Lucas Vanhaelewyn, and Dominique Van Der Straeten. 2023. “UV‐b Responses in the Spotlight: Dynamic Photoreceptor Interplay and Cell‐type Specificity.” Plant, Cell &Amp; Environment 46 (11): 3194–3205. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14680.

Díaz, S. B., J. E. Frederick, T. Lucas, C. R. Booth, and I. Smolskaia. 1996. “Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance at Tierra Del Fuego: Comparison of Measurements and Calculations over a Full Annual Cycle.” Geophysical Research Letters 23 (4): 355–58. https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00253.

Díaz, S. B., J. H. Morrow, and C. R. Booth. 2000. “UV Physics and Optics.” In The Effects of UV Radiation in the Marine Environment, edited by S. de Mora, S. Demers, and M. Vernet, 35–71. Cambridge University Press.

Díaz, S., C. Camilión, J. Escobar, G. Deferrari, S. Roy, K. Lacoste, S. Demers, et al. 2006. “Simulation of Ozone Depletion Using Ambient Irradiance Supplemented with UV Lamps.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 82 (4): 857–64. https://doi.org/10.1562/2005-09-28-RA-700.

Díaz, S., C. Camilión, K. Lacoste, J. Escobar, S. Demers, S. Gianesella, and S. Roy. 2003. “Simulation of Increasing UV Radiation as a Consequence of Ozone Depletion.” In Proceedings SPIE’s 48th Annual Meeting: Ultraviolet Ground- and Spacebased Measurements, Models and Effects III, edited by J. Slusser, J. Herman, and W. Gao, 216–27. SPIE: The International Sociaty for Optical Engineering.

Diffey, B. L. 1987. “A Comparison of Dosimeters Used for Solar Ultraviolet Radiometry.” Photochem Photobiol 46: 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1987.tb04735.x.

———. 1989. Radiation Measurement in Photobiology. London: Academic Press.

Dixon, J. M., M. Taniguchi, and J. S. Lindsey. 2005. “PhotochemCAD 2: A Refined Program with Accompanying Spectral Data Bases for Photochemical Calculations.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 81 (1): 212–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01544.x.

Döhring, T., M. Köfferlein, S. Thiel, and H. K. Seidlitz. 1996. “Spectral Shaping of Artificial UV-B Irradiation for Vegetation Stress Research.” Journal of Plant Physiology 148: 115–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80302-6.

Donahue, W. F., D. W. Schindler, S. J. Page, and M. P. Stainton. 1998. “Acid-Induced Changes in DOC Quality in an Experimental Whole-Lake Manipulation.” Environmental Science and Technology 32: 2954–60. https://doi.org/10.1021/es980306u.

Du, H., R.- C. A. Fuh, J. Li, L. A. Corkan, and J. S. Lindsey. 1998. “PhotochemCAD: A Computer-Aided Design and Research Tool in Photochemistry.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 68 (2): 141–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb02480.x.

Dunne, Richard P. 1999. “Polysulphone Film as an Underwater Dosimeter for Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Tropical Latitudes.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 189: 53–63. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps189053.

Durand, Maxime, and T. Matthew Robson. 2023. “Fields of a Thousand Shimmers: Canopy Architecture Determines High-Frequency Light Fluctuations.” New Phytologist 238 (5): 2000–2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18822.

Eichler, H.- J., A. Fleischner, J. Kross, M. Krystek, H. Lang, H. Niedrig, H. Rauch, et al. 1993. Bergmann, Schaefer: Lehrbuch Der Experimentalphysik Band 3: Optik. Edited by H. Niedrig. Verlag Walter de Gruyter Berlin/New York.

Einstein, A. 1910. “Theorie Der Opaleszenz von Homogenen Flüssigkeiten Und Flüssigkeitsgemischen in Der nähe Des Kritischen Zustandes.” Annalen Der Physik IV. Folge 33 (16): 1275–98.

Eisinger, W, T E Swartz, R A Bogomolni, and L Taiz. 2000. “The Ultraviolet Action Spectrum for Stomatal Opening in Broad Bean.” Plant Physiology 122: 99–105. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.122.1.99.

Emde, Claudia, Robert Buras-Schnell, Arve Kylling, Bernhard Mayer, Josef Gasteiger, Ulrich Hamann, Jonas Kylling, et al. 2016. “The libRadtran Software Package for Radiative Transfer Calculations (Version 2.0.1).” Geoscientific Model Development 9: 1647–72. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1647-2016.

Engelsen, O., and A. Kylling. 2005. “Fast Simulation Tool for Ultraviolet Radiation at the Earth’s Surface.” Optical Engineering 44 (4). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1885472.

Feret, Jean-Baptiste, Christophe François, Gregory P. Asner, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Roberta E. Martin, Luc P. R. Bidel, Susan L. Ustin, Guerric le Maire, and Stéphane Jacquemoud. 2008. “PROSPECT-4 and 5: Advances in the Leaf Optical Properties Model Separating Photosynthetic Pigments.” Remote Sensing of Environment 112: 3030–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.02.012.

Fernández, E, J M Figuera, and A Tobar. 1979. “Use of the Potassium Ferrioxalate Actinometer Below 254-Nm.” Journal of Photochemistry 11 (1): 69–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(79)85008-X.

Fernández, Marı́a B., Vanesa Tossi, Lorenzo Lamattina, and Raúl Cassia. 2016. “A Comprehensive Phylogeny Reveals Functional Conservation of the UV-b Photoreceptor UVR8 from Green Algae to Higher Plants.” Frontiers in Plant Science 7 (November). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01698.

Fernández-Milmanda, Guadalupe L., and Carlos L. Ballaré. 2021. “Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette.” Trends in Plant Science 26 (5): 509–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.006.

Figueroa, F. L., A. Bueno, N. Korbee, R. Santos, L. Mata, and A. Schuenhoff. 2008. “Accumulation of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids in Grown in Tanks with Fishpond Effluents of Gilthead Sea Bream, .” Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 39: 692–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2008.00199.x.

Figueroa, F. L., S. Salles, J. Aguilera, C. Jiménez, J. Mercado, B. Viñegla, A. Flores-Moya, and M. Altamirano. 1997. “Effects of Solar Radiation on Photoinhibition and Pigmentation in the Red Alga .” Marine Ecology Progress Series 151: 81–90. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps151081.

Figueroa, F. L., R. Santos, R. Conde-Álvarez, L. Mata, J. L. Gómez-Pinchetti, J. Matos, P. Huovinen, A. Schüehoff, and J. Silva. 2006. “The Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Monitoring Photosynthetic Conditions of Two Tank Cultivated Red Macroalgae Using Fishpond Effluents.” Botanica Marina 49: 275–82. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2006.035.

Fioletov, V. E., M. G. Kimlin, N Krotkov, L. J. B. McArthur, J. B. Kerr, D. I. Wardle, J. R. Herman, R Meltzer, T. W. Mathews, and J Kaurola. 2004. “UV Index Climatology over the United States and Canada from Ground-Based and Satellite Estimates.” Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres 109 (D22). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004820.

Fioletov, V. I., L. J. B. McArthur, J. B. Kerr, and D. I. Wardle. 2001. “Long-Term Variations of UV-B Irradiance over Canada Estimated from Brewer Observations and Derived from Ozone and Pyranometer Measurements.” Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (D19): 23009–27. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000367.

Flint, S. D., and M. M. Caldwell. 2003. “A Biological Spectral Weighting Function for Ozone Depletion Research with Higher Plants.” Physiologia Plantarum 117: 137–44. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.1170117.x.

Flint, Stephan D., Carlos L. Ballare, Martyn M. Caldwell, and Richard L. McKenzie. 2008. “Comment on ‘Extreme Environments in the Forests of Ushuaia, Argentina’ by Hector d’antoni Et Al.” Geophysical Research Letters 35 (13). https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033570.

Flint, Stephan D, Ronald J Ryel, Timothy J Hudelson, and Martyn M Caldwell. 2009. “Serious Complications in Experiments in Which UV Doses Are Effected by Using Different Lamp Heights.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B 97 (1): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.07.010.

Franklin, L. A., and R. M. Forster. 1997. “The Changing Irradiance Environment: Consequences for Marine Macrophyte Physiology, Productivity and Ecology.” European Journal of Phycology 32: 207–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670269710001737149.

Frederick, J. E., P. F. Soulen, S. B. Diaz, I. Smolskaia, C. R. Booth, T. Lucas, and D. Neuschuler. 1993. “Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Observed from Southern Argentina: September 1990 to March 1991.” Journal of Geophysical Research 98: 8891–97. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JD00030.

Frigaard, N.- U., K. L. Larsen, and R. P. Cox. 1996. “Spectrochromatography of Photosynthetic Pigments as a Fingerprinting Technique for Microbial Phototrophs.” FEMS Microbiology Ecology 20: 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1996.tb00306.x.

Fröhlich, C., and J. Lean. 2004. “Solar Radiative Output and Its Variability: Evidence and Mechanisms.” The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review 12: 273–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1.

Furusawa, Y., L. E. Quintern, H. Holtschmidt, P. Koepke, and M. Saito. 1998. “Determination of Erythema-Effective Solar Radiation in Japan and Germany with a Spore Monolayer Film Optimized for the Detection of UVB and UVA–Results of a Field Campaign.” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 50: 597–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002530051341.

García-Pichel, F. 1995. “A Scalar Irradiance Fiber-Optic Microprobe for the Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation at High Spatial Resolution.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 61: 248–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb03967.x.

Gates, David M. 2012. Biophysical Ecology. Dover Publications, Incorporated.

Gege, P. 1998. “Characterization of the Phytoplankton in Lake Constance for Classification by Remote Sensing.” Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Special Issues: Advances in Limnology 53: 179–93.

———. 2004. “The Water Color Simulator WASI: An Integrating Software Tool for Analysis and Simulation of Optical in Situ Spectra.” Computers and Geosciences 30: 523–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.03.005.

Geiss, O. 2003. “Manual for Polysulphone Dosimeter.” EUR 20981 EN. European Union. http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/111111111/1227/1/EUR%2020981%20EN.pdf.

Ghetti, F., H. Herrmann, D.- P. Häder, and H. K. Seidlitz. 1999. “Spectral Dependence of the Inhibition of Photosynthesis Under Simulated Global Radiation in the Unicellular Green Alga .” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 48: 166–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(99)00043-3.

Goldstein, Sara, and Joseph Rabani. 2008. “The Ferrioxalate and Iodide-Iodate Actinometers in the UV Region.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-Chemistry 193 (1): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.06.006.

Gómez, I., F. L. Figueroa, P. Huovinen, N. Ulloa, and V. Morales. 2005. “Photosynthesis of the Red Alga Under Natural Solar Radiation in an Estuary in Southern Chile.” Aquaculture 244: 369–82. https://doi.org/h10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.037.

Gómez, I., F. L. Figueroa, N. Ulloa, V. Morales, C. Lovengreen, P. Huovinen, and S. Hess. 2004. “Photosynthesis in 18 Intertidal Macroalgae from Southern Chile.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 270: 103–16. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps270103.

Gordon, H. R., and A. Y. Morel. 1983. Remote Assessment of Ocean Color for Interpretation of Satellite Visible Imagery: A Review. Edited by R. T. Barber, C. N. K. Mooers, M. J. Bowman, and B. Zeitzschel. Vol. 4. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies. New York: Springer Verlag.

Gorton, Holly L. 2010. “Biological Action Spectra.” In Photobiological Sciences Online, edited by K. C. Smith. American Society for Photobiology. http://www.photobiology.info/Gorton.html.

Götz, M., A. Albert, S. Stich, W. Heller, H. Scherb, A. Krins, C. Langebartels, H. K. Seidlitz, and D. Ernst. 2010. “PAR Modulation of the UV-Dependent Levels of Flavonoid Metabolites in (L.) Heynh. Leaf Rosettes: Cumulative Effects After a Whole Vegetative Growth Period.” Protoplasma 243: 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-009-0064-5.

Goulas, Yves, Zoran G Cerovic, Aurélie Cartelat, and Ismaël Moya. 2004. “Dualex: A New Instrument for Field Measurements of Epidermal Ultraviolet Absorbance by Chlorophyll Fluorescence.” Applied Optics 43 (23): 4488–96. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.004488.

Gould, Kevin S, Thomas C Vogelmann, Tao Han, and Michael J Clearwater. 2002. “Profiles of Photosynthesis Within Red and Green Leaves of .” Physiologia Plantarum 116 (1): 127–33. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160116.x.

Graedel, T. E., and P. J. Crutzen. 1993. Atmospheric Change: An Earth System Perspective. New York: WH Freeman.

Grant, Richard H. 1998. “Ultraviolet Irradiance of Inclined Planes at the Top of Plant Canopies.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 89: 281–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(97)00067-1.

———. 1999a. “Potential Effect of Soybean Heliotropism on Ultraviolet-b Irradiance and Dose.” Agronomy Journal 91: 1017–23. https://doi.org/doi:10.2134/agronj1999.9161017x.

———. 1999b. “Ultraviolet-b and Photosynthetically Active Radiation Environment of Inclined Leaf Surfaces in a Maize Canopy and Implications for Modeling.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 95: 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00023-4.

———. 2004. “UV Radiation Penetration in Plant Canopies.” Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science, 1261–64. https://doi.org/10.1081/E-EPCS-120010624.

Green, A. E. S., and J. H. Miller. 1975. “Measures of Biologically Active Radiation in the 280-340 Nm Region. Impacts of Climate Change on the Environment.” In. CIAP Monograph, 5, Part 1.

Green, A. E. S., T. Sawada, and E. P. Shettle. 1974. “The Middle Ultraviolet Reaching the Ground.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 19: 251–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1974.tb06508.x.

Grifoni, D., F. Sabatini, G. Zipoli, and M. Viti. 2009. “Action Spectra Affect Variability in the Climatology of Biologically Effective UV Radiation (UVBE).”

Grifoni, D., G. Zipoli, M. Viti, and F. Sabatini. 2008. “Latitudinal and Seasonal Distribution of Biologically Effective UV Radiation Affecting Human Health and Plant Growth.”

Haan, H. De. 1972. “Molecule-Size Distribution of Soluble Humic Compounds from Different Natural Waters.” Freshwater Biology 2: 235–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1972.tb00052.x.

———. 1993. “Solar UV-Light Penetration and Photodegradation of Humic Substances in Peaty Lake Water.” Limnology and Oceanográphy 38: 1072–76. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2838095.

Haan, H. De, De Boer, and T. 1987. “Applicability of Light Absorbance and Fluorescence as Measures of Concentration and Molecular Size of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Humic Lake Tjeukemeer.” Water Research 21: 731–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90086-8.

Häder, Donat-Peter, Michael Lebert, Martin Schuster, Lineu del Ciampo, E Walter Helbling, and Richard McKenzie. 2007. “ELDONET—a Decade of Monitoring Solar Radiation on Five Continents.” Photochem Photobiol 83: 1348–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00168.x.

Häder, D.-P., and F. L. Figueroa. 1997. “Photoecophysiology of Marine Macroalgae.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 66: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03132.x.

Häder, D.-P., M. Lebert, A. Flores, C. Jiménez, J. Mercado, S. Salles, J. Aguilera, and F. L. Figueroa. 1996. “Photosynthetic Oxygen Production and PAM Fluorescence in the Brown Alga (Linnaeus) Lamouroux Measured in the Field Under Solar Radiation.” Marine Biology 127: 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993644.

Häder, D.-P., M. Lebert, R. Marangoni, and G. Colombetti. 1999. “ELDONET—European Light Dosimeter Network Hardware and Software.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biolology 52: 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(99)00102-5.

Hakvoort, J. H. M. 1994. “Absorption of Light by Surface Water.” Delft Studies in Integrated Water Management 2, Delft University Press. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology.

Hannay, J. W., and D. J. Millar. 1986. “Phytotoxicity of Phthalate Plasticisers. I. Diagnosis and Commercial Implications.” Journal of Experimental Botany 37: 883–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/37.6.883.

Hardwick, R. C., and R. A. Cole. 1987. “Plastics That Kill Plants.” Outlook on Agriculture 16 (13): 100–104.

Hargreaves, B. R. 2003. “Water Column Optics and Penetration of UVR.” In UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, edited by E. W. Helbling and H. Zagarese, 59–105. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Hartikainen, Saara Maria, Marta Pieristè, Joose Lassila, and Thomas Matthew Robson. 2020. “Seasonal Patterns in Spectral Irradiance and Leaf UV-a Absorbance Under Forest Canopies.” Frontiers in Plant Science 10 (February). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01762.

Hatchard, C G, and C A Parker. 1956. “A New Sensitive Chemical Actinometer .2. Potassium Ferrioxalate as a Standard Chemical Actinometer.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences 235 (1203): 518–36. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1956.0102.

Hegglin, Michaela I., and Theodore G. Shepherd. 2009. “Large Climate-Induced Changes in Ultraviolet Index and Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Ozone Flux.” Nature Geoscience advance online publication: 687–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo604.

Heijde, Marc, and Roman Ulm. 2012. “UV-b Photoreceptor-Mediated Signalling in Plants.” Trends in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.01.007.

Hessen, D. O., and E. Van Donk. 1994. “Effects of UV-Radiation of Humic Water on Primary and Secondary Production.” Water, Air & Soil Pollution 75: 325–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00482944.

Hessen, D. O., and L. J Tranvik. 1998. Aquatic Humic Substances. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Hirose, Tadaki. 2005. “Development of the Monsi–Saeki Theory on Canopy Structure and Function.” Annals of Botany 95: 483–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci047.

Hogewoning, S. W., P. Douwstra, G. Trouwborst, W. van Ieperen, and J. Harbinson. 2010. “An Artificial Solar Spectrum Substantially Alters Plant Development Compared with Usual Climate Room Irradiance Spectra.” Journal of Experimental Botany 61 (5): 1267–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq005.

Holmes, M. G. 1984. “Light Sources.” In Techniques in Photomorphogenesis, edited by H. Smith and M. G. Holmes, 43–79. Academic press.

———. 1997. “Action Spectra for UV-B Effects on Plants: Monochromatic and Polychromatic Approaches for Analysing Plant Responses.” In Plants and UV-b - Responses to Environmental Change, edited by P. J. Lumsden, 31–50. Cambridge University Press.

Holmes, M. G., and D. R. Keiller. 2002. “Effects of Pubescence and Waxes on the Reflectance of Leaves in the Ultraviolet and Photosynthetic Wavebands: A Comparison of a Range of Species.” Plant Cell and Environment 25 (1): 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00779.x.

Horneck, G, P Rettberg, E Rabbow, W Strauch, G Seckmeyer, R Facius, G Reitz, K Strauch, and J U Schott. 1996. “Biological Dosimetry of Solar Radiation for Different Simulated Ozone Column Thicknesses.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology 32 (3): 189–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(95)07219-5.

Hulst, H. C. van de. 1981. Light Scattering by Small Particles. New York: Dover Publications Inc.

Hunt, J. E. 1997. “Ultraviolet-B Radiation and Its Effects on New Zealand Trees.” Ph.D. Dissertation, Canterbury, New Zealand: Lincoln University.

Hunt, J. E., and D. L. McNeil. 1998. “Nitrogen Status Affects UV-B Sensitivity of Cucumber.” Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 25 (1): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP97102.

Huovinen, P. S., H. Penttilä, and M. R. Soimasuo. 2003. “Spectral Attenuation of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Humic Lakes in Central Finland.” Chemosphere 51: 205–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00634-3.

Huovinen, P., and I. Gómez. 2011. “Spectral Attenuation of Solar Radiation in Patagonian Fjords and Coastal Waters and Implications for Algal Photobiology.” Continental Shelf Research 31: 254–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.09.004.

Hurlbert, S. H. 1984. “Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments.” Ecological Monographs 54 (2): 187–211. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942661.

Ibdah, M., A. Krins, H. K. Seidlitz, W. Heller, D. Strack, and T. Vogt. 2002. “Spectral Dependence of Flavonol and Betacyanin Accumulation in Under Enhanced Ultraviolet Radiation.” Plant, Cell and Environment 25 (9): 1145–54. https://doi.org/doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00895.x.

Iqbal, M. 1983. An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press Canada.

Jagger, J. 1967. Introduction to Research in Ultraviolet Photobiology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall.

Jansen, Marcel A. K., Alexander Ač, Karel Klem, and Otmar Urban. 2021. “A Meta-Analysis of the Interactive Effects of UV and Drought on Plants.” Plant, Cell & Environment, November. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.14221.

Jansen, Marcel A. K., and Janet F. Bornman. 2012. “UV-b Radiation: From Generic Stressor to Specific Regulator.” Physiologia Plantarum 145 (4): 501–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01656.x.

Jenkins, Gareth I. 2009. “Signal Transduction in Responses to UV-B Radiation.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 60: 407–31. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092953.

Jerlov, N. 1976. Marine Optics. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Johnsen, Sönke. 2012. The Optics of Life : A Biologist’s Guide to Light in Nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Jones, Hamlyn G. 1992. Plants and Microclimate: A Quantitative Approach to Environmental Plant Physiology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.

Kaiser, Jan, and Stuart Chalk, eds. 2020. Compendium of Chemical Terminology. International Union of Pure; Applied Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1351/goldbook.

Kalbin, Georgi, Shaoshan Li, Helena Olsman, Mikael Pettersson, Magnus Engwall, and Åke Strid. 2005. “Effects of UV-b in Biological and Chemical Systems: Equipment for Wavelength Dependence Determination.” Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 65: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbbm.2005.09.001.

Kalbina, I., S. Li, G. Kalbin, L. O. Björn, and Å Strid. 2008. “Two Separate UV-b Radiation Wavelength Regions Control Expression of Different Molecular Markers in .” Functional Plant Biology 35 (3): 222–27. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP07197.

Kalle, K. 1966. “The Problem of the Gelbstoff in the Sea.” Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review 4: 91–104.

Karabourniotis, George, and Janet F. Bornman. 1999. “Penetration of UV-a, UV-b and Blue Light Through the Leaf Trichome Layers of Two Xeromorphic Plants, Olive and Oak, Measured by Optical Fibre Microprobes.” Physiologia Plantarum 105: 655–61. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105409.x.

Karentz, D., J. E. Cleaver, and D. L. Mitchell. 1991. “Cell Survival Characteristics and Molecular Responses of Antarctic Phytoplankton to Ultraviolet-b Radiation.” Journal of Phycology 27: 326–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00326.x.

Kasten, Fritz, and Andrew T. Young. 1989. “Revised Optical Air Mass Tables and Approximation Formula.” Applied Optics 28 (22): 4735. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.28.004735.

Keiller, D. R., S. A. H. Mackerness, and M. G. Holmes. 2003. “The Action of a Range of Supplementary Ultraviolet (UV) Wavelengths on Photosynthesis in Brassica Napus l. In the Natural Environment: Effects on PSII, CO2 Assimilation and Level of Chloroplast Proteins.” Photosynthesis Research 75 (2): 139–50. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022812229445.

Khanh, T. Q., and W. Dähn. 1988. “Die Ulbrichtsche Kugel. Theorie Und Anwendungsbeispiele in Der Optischen Strahlungsmeßtechnik.” Photonik, 6–9.

Kirk, A D, and C Namasivayam. 1983. “Errors in Ferrioxalate Actinometry.” Analytical Chemistry 55 (14): 2428–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00264a053.

Kirk, J. T. O. 1980. “Spectral Absorption Properties of Natural Waters: Contribution of the Soluble and Particulate Fractions to Light Absorption in Some Inland Waters of Southeastern Australia.” Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31: 287–96. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9800287.

———. 1991. “Volume Scattering Function, Average Cosine, and the Underwater Light Field.” Limnology and Oceanography 36 (3): 455–67. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2837511.

———. 1994a. Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1994b. “Optics of UV-b Radiation in Natural Waters.” Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. Ergebn. Limnol 43: 1–166.

Kjeldstad, B., B, O. Frette, S. R. Erga, H. I. Browman, P. Kuhn, R. Davis, W. Miller, and J. J. Stamnes. 2003. “UV (280 to 400 Nm) Optical Properties in a Norwegian Fjord System and an Intercomparison of Underwater Radiometers.” Marine Ecology Progress Series 256: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps256001.

Koepke, P., H. De Backer, A. Bais, A. Curylo, K. Eerme, U. Feister, B. Johnsen, et al. 2006. “Modelling Solar UV Radiation in the Past: Comparison of Algorithms and Input Data.” In Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XI, edited by James R. Slusser, Klaus Schäfer, and Adolfo Comeron. Vol. 6362. Proceedings of SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.687682.

Kolb, C. A., U. Schreiber, R. Gademann, and E. E. Pfündel. 2005. “UV-a Screening in Plants Determined Using a New Portable Fluorimeter.” Photosynthetica 43 (3): 371–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-005-0061-7.

Kopp, Greg, and Judith L. Lean. 2011. “A New, Lower Value of Total Solar Irradiance: Evidence and Climate Significance.” Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (1): L01706–. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL045777.

Kotilainen, T., PJ. Aphalo, CC. Brelsford, H. Böök, S. Devraj, A. Heikkilä, R. Hernández, A. Kylling, AV. Lindfors, and TM. Robson. 2020. “Patterns in the Spectral Composition of Sunlight and Biologically Meaningful Spectral Photon Ratios as Affected by Atmospheric Factors.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 291 (September): 108041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108041.

Kotilainen, Titta, Anders Lindfors, Riitta Tegelberg, and Pedro J Aphalo. 2011. “How Realistically Does Outdoor UV-b Supplementation with Lamps Reflect Ozone Depletion: An Assessment of Enhancement Errors.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 87: 174–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00843.x.

Kotilainen, Titta, Riitta Tegelberg, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Anders Lindfors, and Pedro J. Aphalo. 2008. “Metabolite Specific Effects of Solar UV-A and UV-B on Alder and Birch Leaf Phenolics.” Global Change Biology 14: 1294–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01569.x.

Kotilainen, Titta, Tuulia Venäläinen, Riitta Tegelberg, Anders Lindfors, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto, Sirkka Sutinen, Robert B. O’Hara, and Pedro J. Aphalo. 2009. “Assessment of UV Biological Spectral Weighting Functions for Phenolic Metabolites and Growth Responses in Silver Birch Seedlings.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 85: 1346–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00597.x.

Kowalczuk, P., M. Zabłocka, S. Sagan, and K. Kuliński. 2010. “Fluorescence Measured in Situ as a Proxy of CDOM Absorption and DOC Concentration in the Baltic Sea.” Oceanologia 52 (3): 431–71.

Kreuter, Axel, and Mario Blumthaler. 2009. “Stray Light Correction for Solar Measurements Using Array Spectrometers.” Review of Scientific Instruments 80 (9): 096108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3233897.

Krizek, D T, and R M Mirecki. 2004. “Evidence for Phytotoxic Effects of Cellulose Acetate in UV Exclusion Studies.” Environmental and Experimental Botany 51: 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-8472(03)00058-3.

Kuhn, H J, S E Braslavsky, and R Schmidt. 1989. “Chemical Actinometry.” Pure and Applied Chemistry 61 (2): 187–210. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198961020187.

Kujanpää, J., N. Kalakoski, and T. Koskela. 2010. “Three Years of O3M SAF Surface UV Products.” In Proceedings of the 2010 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Cordoba, Spain.

Kylling, A, A. R. Webb, A. F. Bais, M Blumthaler, R Schmitt, S Thiel, A Kazantzidis, et al. 2003. “Actinic Flux Determination from Measurements of Irradiance.” Article. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (D16). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003236.

Langhans, R. W., and T. W. Tibbitts, eds. 1997. Plant Growth Chamber Handbook. Vol. SR–99. North Central Regional Research Publication 340. Iowa Agriculture; Home Economics Experiment Station. http://www.controlledenvironments.org/Growth_Chamber_Handbook/Plant_Growth_Chamber_Handbook.htm.

Lean, D. 1998. “Attenuation of Solar Radiation in Humic Waters.” In Aquatic Humic Substances, edited by D. O. Hessen and L. J. Tranvik, 109–24. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Lee, David. 2007. Nature’s Palette : The Science of Plant Color. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lee, J, and H H Seliger. 1964. “Quantum Yield of Ferrioxalate Actinometer.” Journal of Chemical Physics 40 (2): 519–23. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1725147.

Lee, Z. P., K. L. Carder, and R. A. Arnone. 2002. “Deriving Inherent Optical Properties from Water Color: A Multiband Quasi-Analytical Algorithm for Optically Deep Water.” Applied Optics 41 (27): 5755–72. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.41.005755.

Lester, R. A., A. V. Parisi, M. G. Kimlin, and J. Sabburg. 2003. “Optical Properties of Poly(2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-Phenylene Oxide) Film and Its Potential for a Long-Term Solar Ultraviolet Dosimeter.” Physics in Medicine and Biology 48 (22): 3685–98. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/48/22/005.

Leszczynski, K. 2002. “Advances in Traceability of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Measurements.” PhD thesis, University of Helsinki.

Li, Xiao, Zhongqiu Sun, Shan Lu, and Kenji Omasa. 2023. “PROSPECULAR: A Model for Simulating Multi-Angular Spectral Properties of Leaves by Coupling PROSPECT with a Specular Function.” Remote Sensing of Environment 297 (November): 113754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113754.

Liao, Xinyang, Wei Liu, Hong-Quan Yang, and Gareth I. Jenkins. 2020. “A Dynamic Model of UVR8 Photoreceptor Signalling in UV-b-Acclimated Arabidopsis.” New Phytologist 227 (3): 857–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16581.

Liboriussen, L., F. Landkildehus, M. Meerhoff, M. E. Bramm, M. Søndergaard, K. Christoffersen, K. Richardson, M. Søndergaard, T. L. Lauridsen, and E. Jeppesen. 2005. “Global Warming: Design of a Flow-Through Shallow Lake Mesocosm Climate Experiment.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 3: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2005.3.1.

Lindfors, Anders, Anu Heikkilä, Jussi Kaurola, Tapani Koskela, and Kaisa Lakkala. 2009. “Reconstruction of Solar Spectral Surface UV Irradiances Using Radiative Transfer Simulations.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 85 (5): 1233–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00578.x.

Lindfors, Anders, Jussi Kaurola, Antti Arola, Tapani Koskela, Kaisa Lakkala, Weine Josefsson, Jan Asle Olseth, and Bjørn Johnsen. 2007. “A Method for Reconstruction of Past UV Radiation Based on Radiative Transfer Modeling: Applied to Four Stations in Northern Europe.” Journal of Geophysical Research 112 (D23). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008454.

Lindfors, A., A. Tanskanen, A. Arola, R. van der A, A. Bais, U. Feister, M. Janouch, et al. 2009. “The PROMOTE UV Record: Toward a Global Satellite-Based Climatology of Surface Ultraviolet Irradiance.” IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observation and Remote Sensing 2 (3): 207–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2009.2030876.

Long, S. P., and J.-E. Hällgren. 1987. “Measurement of Assimilation by Plants in the Field and the Laboratory.” In Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis, edited by J. Coombes, D. O. Hall, S. P. Long, and J. M. O. Scurlock. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd.

Madronich, Sasha. 1993. “The Atmosphere and UV-B Radiation at Ground Level.” In Environmental UV Photobiology, edited by A. R. Young, L. O. Björn, J. Moan, and W. Nultsch. Plenum Press, New York.

Manney, Gloria L., Michelle L. Santee, Markus Rex, Nathaniel J. Livesey, Michael C. Pitts, Pepijn Veefkind, Eric R. Nash, et al. 2011. “Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss in 2011.” Nature 478: 469–75. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10556.

Marijnissen, J P A, and W M Star. 1987. “Quantitative Light Dosimetry in Vitro and in Vivo.” Lasers in Medical Science 2: 235–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02594166.

Maritorena, S., A. Morel, and B. Gentili. 1994. “Diffuse Reflectance of Oceanic Shallow Waters: Influence of Water Depth and Bottom Albedo.” Limnology and Oceanography 39 (7): 1689–1703. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2838204.

Markvart, J., E. Rosenqvist, J. M. Aaslyng, and C. -O. Ottosen. 2010. “How Is Canopy Photosynthesis and Growth of Chrysanthemums Affected by Diffuse and Direct Light?” European Journal of Horticultural Science 75 (6): 253–58.

Massonnet, Catherine, Denis Vile, Juliette Fabre, Matthew A. Hannah, Camila Caldana, Jan Lisec, Gerrit T S. Beemster, et al. 2010. “Probing the Reproducibility of Leaf Growth and Molecular Phenotypes: A Comparison of Three Accessions Cultivated in Ten Laboratories.” Plant Physiol 152: 2142–57. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.148338.

McCree, K. J. 1972. “Test of Current Definitions of Photosynthetically Active Radiation Against Leaf Photosynthesis Data.” Agricultural Meteorology 10: 443–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1571(72)90045-3.

McKinlay, A F, and B L Diffey. 1987. “A Reference Action Spectrum for Ultraviolet Induced Erythema in Human Skin.” CIE Journal 6: 17–22.

McLeod, A. R. 1997. “Outdoor Supplementation Systems for Studies of the Effects of Increased Uv-b Radiation.” Plant Ecology 128: 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009794427697.

Meeus, Jean. 1998. Astronomical Algorithms. Willmann-Bell.

Messenger, David J., Andy R. McLeod, and Stephen C. Fry. 2009. “The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation, Photosensitizers, Reactive Oxygen Species and Ester Groups in Mechanisms of Methane Formation from Pectin.” Plant Cell and Environment 32: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01892.x.

Millar, D. J., and J. W. Hannay. 1986. “Phytotoxicity of Phthalate Plasticisers. II. Site and Mode of Action.” Journal of Experimental Botany 37: 883–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/37.6.898.

Mitchell, D. L., and D. Karentz. 1993. “The Induction and Repair of DNA Photodamage in the Environment.” In Environmental UV Photobiology, edited by A. R. Young, L. O. Björn, J. Moan, and W. Nultsch, 345–77. New York: Plenum Press.

Mobley, C. D. 1994. Light and Water - Radiative Transfer in Natural Waters. San Diego: Academic Press. http://www.curtismobley.com/lightandwater.zip.

———. 2011. “Fast Light Calculations for Ocean Ecosystem and Inverse Models.” Optics Express 19 (20): 18927–44. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.018927.

Mobley, C. D., and L. K. Sundman. 2003. “Effects of Optically Shallow Bottoms on Upwelling Radiances: Inhomogeneous and Sloping Bottoms.” Limnology and Oceanography, Light in Shallow Waters 48 (1, part 2): 329–36. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3597753.

Mobley, C. D., H. Zhang, and K. J. Voss. 2003. “Effects of Optically Shallow Bottoms on Upwelling Radiances: Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Effects.” Limnology and Oceanography, Light in Shallow Waters 48 (1, part 2): 337–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3597754.

Möglich, Andreas, Xiaojing Yang, Rebecca A Ayers, and Keith Moffat. 2010. “Structure and Function of Plant Photoreceptors.” Annu Rev Plant Biol 61: 21–47. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112259.

Monsi, M, and T. Saeki. 1953. “Über Den Lichfaktor in Den Pflanzengesellschaften Und Seine Bedeutung Für Die Stoffproduktion.” Japanese Journal of Botany 14: 22–52.

Montalti, Marco, Alberto Credi, Luca Prodi, and M. Teresa Gandolfi. 2006. Handbook of Photochemistry. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.

Monteith, John, and Mike Unsworth. 2008. Principles of Environmental Physics. 3rd ed. Academic Press.

Morales, Luis O, Riitta Tegelberg, Mikael Brosché, Markku Keinänen, Anders Lindfors, and Pedro J Aphalo. 2010. “Effects of Solar UV-A and UV-B Radiation on Gene Expression and Phenolic Accumulation in Betula Pendula Leaves.” Tree Physiol 30: 923–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq051.

Morel, A. 1974. “Optical Properties of Pure Water and Pure Sea Water.” In Optical Aspects of Oceanography, edited by N. G. Jerlov and E. Steemann Nielsen, 1–24. London: Academic Press.

———. 1991. “Light and Marine Photosynthesis: A Spectral Model with Geochemical and Climatological Implications.” Progress in Oceanography 26: 263–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(91)90004-6.

Morel, A., and L. Prieur. 1976. “Analyse Spectrale de l’absorption Par Les Substances Dissoutes (Substances Jaunes).” Publ. CNEXO 10 (Sect. 1.1.11): 1–9.

———. 1977. “Analysis of Variations in Ocean Colour.” Limnology Oceanography 22: 709–22. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2835253.

Morison, J. I. L., and R. M. Gifford. 1984. “Ethylene Contamination of CO2 Cylinders. Effects on Plant Growth in CO2 Enrichment Studies.” Plant Physiology 75: 275–77. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.75.1.275.

Morris, D. P., and B. R. Hargreaves. 1997. “The Role of Photochemical Degradation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Regulating the UV Transparency of Three Lakes on the Pocono Plateau.” Limnology and Oceanography 42: 239–49. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2838552.

Musil, C. F., L. O. Björn, M. W. J. Scourfield, and G. E. Bodeker. 2002. “How Substantial Are Ultraviolet-b Supplementation Inaccuracies in Experimental Square-Wave Delivery Systems?” Environmental and Experimental Botany 47 (1): 25–38. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00108-3.

Neori, A., M. D. Krom, S. P. Ellner, C. E. Boyd, D. Popper, R. Rabinovitch, P. J. Davison, et al. 1996. “Seaweed Biofilter as Regulators of Water Quality in Integrated Fish-Seaweed Culture Units.” Aquaculture 141: 183–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01223-0.

Neugart, Susanne, and Monika Schreiner. 2018. “UVB and UVA as Eustressors in Horticultural and Agricultural Crops.” Scientia Horticulturae 234 (April): 370–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.021.

Newell, David B, and Eite Tiesinga. 2019. The International System of Units (SI):: 2019 Edition. National Institute of Standards; Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.330-2019.

Newsham, K. K., A. R. McLeod, P. D. Greenslade, and B. A. Emmett. 1996. “Appropriate Controls in Outdoor UV-B Supplementation Experiments.” Global Change Biology 2: 319–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00083.x.

Newsham, K. K., A. R. McLeod, J. D. Roberts, P. D. Greenslade, and B. A. Emmet. 1997. “Direct Effects of Elevated UV-B Radiation on the Decomposition of Quercus Robur Leaf Litter.” Oikos 79: 592–602. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3546903.

Newsham, K. K., P. Splatt, P. A. Coward, P. D. Greenslade, A. R. McLeod, and J. M. Anderson. 2001. “Negligible Influence of Elevated UV-B Radiation on Leaf Litter Quality of .” Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33: 659–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00210-8.

Nobel, Park S. 2009. Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. 4th ed. Academic Press.

Nouguier, J., B. Mostajir, E. Le Floc’h, and F. Vidussi. 2007. “An Automatically Operated System for Simulating Global Change Temperature and Ultraviolet b Radiation Increases: Application to the Study of Aquatic Ecosystem Responses in Mesocosm Experiments.” Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5: 269–79. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2007.5.269.

Novoplansky, Ariel. 2009. “Picking Battles Wisely: Plant Behaviour Under Competition.” Plant Cell and Environment 32 (6): 726–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01979.x.

Ohde, T., and H. Siegel. 2003. “Derivation of Immersion Factors for the Hyperspectral TriOS Radiance Sensor.” Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 5 (3): L12–14. https://doi.org/doi:10.1088/1464-4258/5/3/103.

Oke, T. R. 1988. Boundary Layer Climates. 2nd ed. Routledge.

Okerblom, P., T. Lahti, and H. Smolander. 1992. “Photosynthesis of a Scots Pine Shoot - A Comparison of 2 Models of Shoot Photosynthesis in Direct and Diffuse Radiation Fields.” Tree Physiology 10 (2): 111–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/10.2.111.

Palenik, B., N. M. Price, and F. M. M. Morel. 1991. “Potential Effects of UV-b on the Chemical Environment of Marine Organisms: A Review.” Environmental Pollution 70: 117–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(91)90084-A.

Parisi, A. V., V. J. Galea, and C. Randall. 2003. “Dosimetric Measurement of the Visible and UV Exposures on Field Grown Soybean Plants.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 120: 153–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.012.

Parisi, A. V., and J. C. F. Wong. 1996. “Plant Canopy Shape and the Influences on UV Exposures to the Canopy.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 63 (6): 143–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb02434.x.

Parisi, A. V., J. C. F. Wong, and C. Randall. 1998. “Simultaneous Assessment of Photosynthetically Active and Ultraviolet Solar Radiation.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 92: 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00094-X.

Parisi, Alfio V, and Michael G Kimlin. 2004. “Personal Solar UV Exposure Measurements Employing Modified Polysulphone with an Extended Dynamic Range.” Photochem Photobiol 79: 411–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00028.x.

Parisi, A., P. Schouten, and D. J. Turnbull. 2010. “UV Dosimeter Based on Polyphenylene Oxide for the Measurement of UV Exposures to Plants and Humans over Extended Periods.” In NIWA 2010 UV Workshop: UV Radiation and Its Effects - an Update 2010, 7-9 May 2010. Queenstown, New Zealand.

Parisi, A., D. J. Turnbull, P. Schouten, N. Downs, and Turner J. 2010. “Techniques for Solar Dosimetry in Different Environments.” In UV Radiation in Global Climate Change: Measurements, Modeling and Effects on Ecosystems, edited by W. Gao, D. L. Schmoldt, and J. R. Slusser, 192–204. Springer / Shingua University Press.

Parker, C A. 1953. “A New Sensitive Chemical Actinometer. 1. Some Trials with Potassium Ferrioxalate.” Proc. Roy. Soc. London 220A (1140): 104–16. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1953.0175.

Passioura, J. B. 2006. “The Perils of Pot Experiments.” Functional Plant Biology 33 (12): 1075–79. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP06223.

Paul, N. 2001. “Plant Responses to UV-B: Time to Look Beyond Stratospheric Ozone Depletion?” New Phytologist 150: 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00090.x.

Paul, Nigel D, Rob J Jacobson, Anna Taylor, Jason J Wargent, and Jason P Moore. 2005. “The Use of Wavelength-Selective Plastic Cladding Materials in Horticulture: Understanding of Crop and Fungal Responses Through the Assessment of Biological Spectral Weighting Functions.” Photochem Photobiol 81 (5): 1052–60. https://doi.org/10.1562/2004-12-06-RA-392.

Pegau, W. S., and J. R. V. Zaneveld. 1993. “Temperature-Dependent Absorption of Water in the Red and Near-Infrared Portions of the Spectrum.” Limnology and Oceanography 38 (1): 188–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2837903.

Petzold, T. J. 1977. “Volume Scattering Functions for Selected Ocean Waters.” In Light in the Sea, edited by J. E. Tyler, 152–74. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Strouddberg.

Phoenix, G. K., D. Gwynn-Jones, J. A. Lee, and T. V. Callaghan. 2003. “Ecological Importance of Ambient Solar Ultraviolet Radiation to a Sub-Arctic Heath Community.” Plant Ecology 165: 263–73. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022276831900.

Pinnel, N. 2007. “A Method for Mapping Submersed Macrophytes in Lakes Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing.” Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung Und Umwelt, Department für Ökologie Und Ökosystemmanagement, Fachbereich für Limnologie. PhD thesis, Technische Universität München. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=604557.

Podolec, Roman, Emilie Demarsy, and Roman Ulm. 2021. “Perception and Signaling of Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Plants.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 72 (1): 793–822. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-095946.

Pooam, Marootpong, Louis-David Arthaut, Derek Burdick, Justin Link, Carlos F. Martino, and Margaret Ahmad. 2018. “Magnetic Sensitivity Mediated by the Arabidopsis Blue-Light Receptor Cryptochrome Occurs During Flavin Reoxidation in the Dark.” Planta 249 (2): 319–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-3002-y.

Poorter, Hendrik, Jonas Bühler, Dagmar van Dusschoten, José Climent, and Johannes A. Postma. 2012. “Pot Size Matters: A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Rooting Volume on Plant Growth.” Functional Plant Biology, –. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12049.

Poorter, Hendrik, Fabio Fiorani, Mark Stitt, Uli Schurr, Alex Finck, Yves Gibon, Björn Usadel, et al. 2012. “The Art of Growing Plants for Experimental Purposes: A Practical Guide for the Plant Biologist.” Functional Plant Biology. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12028.

Poorter, Hendrik, Karl J. Niklas, Peter B. Reich, Jacek Oleksyn, Pieter Poot, and Liesje Mommer. 2012. “Biomass Allocation to Leaves, Stems and Roots: Meta-Analyses of Interspecific Variation and Environmental Control.” New Phytol 193: 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03952.x.

Popp, Henry William. 1926. “A Physiological Study of the Effect of Light of Various Ranges of Wave Length on the Growth of Plants.” American Journal of Botany 13 (10): 706–36. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2435475.

Pozdnyakov, D., and H. Grassl. 2003. Colour of Inland and Coastal Waters - a Methodology for Its Interpretation. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York andChichester: Springer Verlag; Praxis Publishing Ltd.

Prahl, S. A., M. Keijzer, S. L. Jacques, and A. J. Welch. 1989. “A Monte Carlo Model of Light Propagation in Tissue.” In SPIE Proceedings of Dosimetry of Laser Radiation in Medicine and Biology, edited by G. J. Müller and D. H. Sliney, IS 5:102–11.

Prieur, L., and S. Sathyendranath. 1981. “An Optical Classification of Coastal and Oceanic Waters Based on the Specific Spectral Absorption Curves of Phytoplankton Pigments, Dissolved Organic Matter, and Other Particulate Materials.” Limnology and Oceanography 26 (4): 671–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2836033.

Qian, Minjie, Eva Rosenqvist, Els Prinsen, Frauke Pescheck, Ann-Marie Flygare, Irina Kalbina, Marcel A. K. Jansen, and Åke Strid. 2021. “Downsizing in PlantsUV Light Induces Pronounced Morphological Changes in the Absence of Stress.” Plant Physiology 187 (1): 378–95. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab262.

Quan, X., and E. S. Fry. 1995. “Empirical Equation for the Index of Refraction of Seawater.” Applied Optics 34 (18): 3477–80. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.34.003477.

Quinn, G. P., and M. J. Keough. 2002. Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Quintern, L. E., Y. Furusawa, K. Fukutsu, and H. Holtschmidt. 1997. “Characterization and Application of UV Detector Spore Films: The Sensitivity Curve of a New Detector System Provides Good Similarity to the Action Spectrum for UV-Induced Erythema in Human Skin.” J Photochem Photobiol B 37: 158–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1011-1344(96)04414-4.

Quintern, L. E., G. Horneck, U. Eschweiler, and H. Bücker. 1992. “A Biofilm Used as Ultraviolet-Dosimeter.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 55: 389–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04252.x.

Quintern, L. E., M. Puskeppeleit, P. Rainer, S. Weber, S. el Naggar, U. Eschweiler, and G. Horneck. 1994. “Continuous Dosimetry of the Biologically Harmful UV-Radiation in Antarctica with the Biofilm Technique.” J Photochem Photobiol B 22: 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(93)06954-2.

Rai, Neha, Luis Orlando Morales, and Pedro José Aphalo. 2021. “Perception of Solar UV Radiation by Plants: Photoreceptors and Mechanisms.” Plant Physiology 186 (3): 1382–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab162.

Rai, Neha, Susanne Neugart, Yan Yan, Fang Wang, Sari M Siipola, Anders V Lindfors, Jana Barbro Winkler, et al. 2019. “How Do Cryptochromes and UVR8 Interact in Natural and Simulated Sunlight?” Journal of Experimental Botany 70 (18): 4975–90. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz236.

Rai, Neha, Andrew OHara, Daniel Farkas, Omid Safronov, Khuanpiroon Ratanasopa, Fang Wang, Anders V. Lindfors, et al. 2020. “The Photoreceptor UVR8 Mediates the Perception of Both UV-B and UV-A Wavelengths up to 350 Nm of Sunlight with Responsivity Moderated by Cryptochromes.” Plant, Cell & Environment, March. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13752.

Reinders-Gouwentak, Cornelia A., L. Smeet, and M. Andeweg. 1951. “Growth and Flowering of the Tomato in Artificial Light i. Vegetative Development.” Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool Te Wageningen 51 (2): 63–73.

Rizzini, Luca, Jean-Jacques Favory, Catherine Cloix, Davide Faggionato, Andrew O’Hara, Eirini Kaiserli, Ralf Baumeister, et al. 2011. “Perception of UV-b by the UVR8 Protein.” Science 332 (6025): 103–6. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200660.

Robertson, D. F. 1972. “Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Relation to Human Sunburn and Skin Cancer.” PhD thesis, University of Queensland.

Robson, T. Matthew, Pedro J. Aphalo, Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś, Paul W. Barnes, Craig C. Brelsford, Gareth I. Jenkins, Titta K. Kotilainen, et al. 2019. “A Perspective on Ecologically Relevant Plant-UV Research and Its Practical Application.” Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 18 (5): 970–88. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8pp00526e.

Robson, T. Matthew, Verónica A Pancotto, Carlos L Ballaré, Osvaldo E Sala, Ana L Scopel, and Martyn M Caldwell. 2004. “Reduction of Solar UV-B Mediates Changes in the Microenvironment and the Peatland Microfungal Community.” Oecologia 140: 480–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-004-1600-9.

Roesler, C. S., M. J. Perry, and K. L. Carder. 1989. “Modeling in Situ Phytoplankton Absorption from Total Absorption Spectra in Productive Inland Marine Waters.” Limnology and Oceanography 34 (8): 1510–23. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2837036.

Rosa, T. M. de la, R. Julkunen-Tiitto, T. Lehto, and P. J. Aphalo. 2001. “Secondary Metabolites and Nutrient Concentrations in Silver Birch Seedlings Under Five Levels of Daily UV-B Exposure and Two Relative Nutrient Addition Rates.” New Phytologist 150: 121–31. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00079.x.

Rousseaux, Cecilia M, Carlos L Ballaré, Carla V Giordano, Ana L Scopel, Ana M Zima, Mariela Szwarcberg-Bracchitta, Peter S Searles, Martyn M Caldwell, and Susana B Díaz. 1999. “Ozone Depletion and UVB Radiation: Impact on Plant DNA Damage in Southern South America.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96 (26): 15310–15. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.26.15310.

Rousseaux, M. C., R. Julkunen-Tiitto, P. S. Searles, A. L. Scopel, P. J. Aphalo, and C. L. Ballaré. 2004. “Solar UV-B Radiation Affects Leaf Quality and Insect Herbivory in the Southern Beech Tree Nothofagus Antarctica.” Oecologia 138: 505–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1471-5.

Rozema, J., J. Vandestaaij, L. O. Björn, and M. Caldwell. 1997. “UV-B as an Environmental Factor in Plant Life—Stress and Regulation.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12: 22–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(96)10062-8.

Ruggaber, A., R. Dlugi, and T. Nakajima. 1994. “Modelling Radiation Quantities and Photolysis Frequencies in the Troposphere.” Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 18: 171–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00696813.

Rundel, R. D. 1983. “Action Spectra and Estimation of Biologically Effective UV Radiation.” Physiologia Plantarum 58: 360–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04195.x.

Rupert, C. S. 1974. “Dosimetric Concepts in Photobiology.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 20: 203–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1974.tb06568.x.

Sadras, Victor, Julian Alston, Pedro Aphalo, David Connor, R. Ford Denison, Tony Fischer, Richard Gray, et al. 2021. “Making Science More Effective for Agriculture.” In Advances in Agronomy, 163:153–77. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2020.05.003.

Saeid Nia, Monireh, Christine Desel, Frauke Pescheck, Karin Krupinska, and Wolfgang Bilger. 2023. “WHIRLY1‐deficient Chloroplasts Display Enhanced Formation of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers During Exposure to UV‐B Radiation.” Physiologia Plantarum 175 (5). https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14049.

Saitou, Tsutomu, Yoshinobu Tachikawa, Hiroshi Kamada, Masakatsu Watanabe, and Hiroshi Harada. 1993. “Action Spectrum for Light-Induced Formation of Adventitious Shoots in Hairy Roots of Horseradish.” Planta 189: 590–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198224.

Sampath-Wiley, Priya, and Leland S Jahnke. 2011. “A New Filter That Accurately Mimics the Solar UV-B Spectrum Using Standard UV Lamps: The Photochemical Properties, Stabilization and Use of the Urate Anion Liquid Filter.” Plant Cell Environ 34: 261–69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02240.x.

Sathyendranath, S., L. Prieur, and A. Morel. 1989. “A Three-Component Model of Ocean Colour and Its Application to Remote Sensing of Phytoplankton Pigments in Coastal Waters.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 10 (8): 1373–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903974.

Schindler, D. W., P. J. Curtis, B. R. Parker, and M. P. Stainton. 1996. “Consequences of Climate Warming and Lake Acidification for UV-b Penetration in North American Boreal Lakes.” Nature 379: 705–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/379705a0.

Schouten, Peter W., Alfio V. Parisi, and David J. Turnbull. 2007. “Evaluation of a High Exposure Solar UV Dosimeter for Underwater Use.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 83: 931–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00085.x.

———. 2008. “Field Calibrations of a Long-Term UV Dosimeter for Aquatic UV-B Exposures.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B 91: 108–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.02.004.

———. 2010. “Usage of the Polyphenylene Oxide Dosimeter to Measure Annual Solar Erythemal Exposures.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 86: 706–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00720.x.

Schwander, H., P. Koepke, A. Ruggaber, T. Nakajima, A. Kaifel, and A. Oppenrieder. 2000. “System for Transfer of Atmospheric Radiation STAR - Version 2000.” 2000.

Schwiegerling, J. 2004. Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics. SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA.

Scully, N. M., and D. R. S. Lean. 1994. “The Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation in Temperate Lakes.” Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 43: 135–44.

Scully, N. M., W. F. Vincent, D. R. S. Lean, and W. J. Cooper. 1997. “Implications of Ozone Depletion for Surface-Water Photochemistry: Sensitivity of Clear Lakes.” Aquatic Sciences 59: 260–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523277.

Seckmeyer, G., A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, C. R. Booth, P. Disterhoft, P. Eriksen, R. L. McKenzie, M. Miyauchi, and C. Roy. 2001. “Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation - Part 1: Spectral Instruments.” WMO/TD-No. 1066, GAW Report No. 125. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization.

Seckmeyer, G., A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, C. R. Booth, K. Lantz, R. L. McKenzie, P. Disterhoft, and A. Webb. 2005. “Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Part 2: Broadband Instruments Measuring Erythemally Weighted Solar Irradiance.” WMO-GAW Report 164. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

Seckmeyer, G., A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, S. Drüke, P. Kiedron, K. Lantz, et al. 2010. “Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation - Part 4: Array Spectroradiometers.” GAW Report 191. Geneva: Global Atmosphere Watch, World Meteorological Organization. http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/GAW191_TD_No_1538_web.pdf.

Seckmeyer, G., A. Bais, G. Bernhard, M. Blumthaler, B. Johnsen, K. Lantz, and R. McKenzie. 2010. “Instruments to Measure Solar Ultraviolet Radiation - Part 3: Multi-Channel Filter Instruments.” WMO/TD-No. 1537, GAW Report No. 190. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization.

Seckmeyer, G., and H.- D. Payer. 1993. “A New Sunlight Simulator for Ecological Research on Plants.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 21: 175–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/1011-1344(93)80180-H.

Seliger, H H, and W D McElroy. 1965. Light: Physical and Biological Action. New York; London: Academic Press.

Sellaro, Romina, Marı́a Crepy, Santiago Ariel Trupkin, Elizabeth Karayekov, Ana Sabrina Buchovsky, Constanza Rossi, and Jorge Jose Casal. 2010. “Cryptochrome as a Sensor of the Blue / Green Ratio of Natural Radiation in Arabidopsis.” Plant Physiology 154: 401–9. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.160820.

Sellaro, Romina, Maxime Durand, Pedro J. Aphalo, and Jorge J. Casal. 2024. “Making the Most of Canopy Light: Shade Avoidance Under Afluctuating Spectrum and Irradiance.” Journal of Experimental Botany.

Setlow, R. B. 1974. “The Wavelengths in Sunlight Effective in Producing Skin Cancer: A Theoretical Analysis.” Procceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 71: 3363–66.

Shimazaki, Ken-Ichiro, Michio Doi, Sarah M. Assmann, and Toshinori Kinoshita. 2007. “Light Regulation of Stomatal Movement.” Annual Review of Plant Biology 58: 219–47. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105434.

Shropshire, W. 1972. “Action Spectroscopy.” In Phytochrome, edited by K. Mitrakos and W. Shropshire, 161–81. London: Academic Press.

Sliney, David H. 2007. “Radiometric Quantities and Units Used in Photobiology and Photochemistry: Recommendations of the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination).” Photochemistry and Photobiology 83: 425–32. https://doi.org/10.1562/2006-11-14-RA-1081.

Smith, H. 1981. Plants and the Daylight Spectrum. London: Academic Press.

Smith, H. F. 1957. “Interpretation of Adjusted Treatment Means and Regressions in Analysis of Covariance.” Biometrics 13: 281–308. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2527917.

Smith, R. C., and K. S Baker. 1979. “Penetration of UV-b and Biologically Effective Dose-Rates in Natural Waters.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 29: 311–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07054.x.

Smith, R. C., and K. S. Baker. 1981. “Optical Properties of the Clearest Natural Waters (200-800 Nm).” Applied Optics 20 (2): 177–84. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.20.000177.

Smith, R. C., B. B. Prézelin, K. S. Baker, R. R. Bidigare, N. P. Boucher, T. Coley, D. Karentz, et al. 1992. “Ozone Depletion: Ultraviolet Radiation and Phytoplankton Biology in Antarctic Waters.” Science 255: 952–59. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1546292.

Smith, R. C., and J. E. Tyler. 1976. “Transmission of Solar Radiation into Natural Waters.” Edited by K. C. Smith, Photochemical and photobiological reviews, 1: 117–55.

Smoluchowski, M. 1908. “Molekular-Kinetische Theorie Der Opaleszenz von Gasen Im Kritischen Zustande, Sowie Einiger Verwandter Erscheinungen.” Annalen Der Physik 25: 205–26.

Solanki, Twinkle, Pedro J. Aphalo, Santa Neimane, Saara M. Hartikainen, Marta Pieristè, Alexey Shapiguzov, Albert Porcar-Castell, Jon Atherton, Anu Heikkilä, and Thomas Matthew Robson. 2019. “UV-Screening and Springtime Recovery of Photosynthetic Capacity in Leaves of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea Above and Below the Snow Pack.” Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 134 (January): 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.09.003.

Solhaug, Knut Asbjørn, Yngvar Gauslaa, Line Nybakken, and Wolfgang Bilger. 2003. “UV‐induction of Sun‐screening Pigments in Lichens.” New Phytologist 158 (1): 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00708.x.

Sommaruga, R., and R. Psenner. 1997. “Ultraviolet Radiation in a High Mountain Lake of the Austrian Alps: Air and Underwater Measurements.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 65: 957–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb07954.x.

Soriano, Gonzalo, Catherine Cloix, Monika Heilmann, Encarnación Núñez‐Olivera, Javier Martínez‐Abaigar, and Gareth I. Jenkins. 2017. “Evolutionary Conservation of Structure and Function of the UVR8 Photoreceptor from the Liverwort Marchantia Polymorpha and the Moss Physcomitrella Patens.” New Phytologist 217 (1): 151–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14767.

Stanghellini, C. 1987. Transpiration of Greenhouse Crops—an Aid to Climate Management. Wageningen, NL: Intituut voor Mechanisatie, Arbeid en Gebouwen.

Stanhill, G., and H. Z. Enoch, eds. 1999. Greenhouse Ecosystems, Ecosystems of the World. Vol. 20. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier.

Stanhill, Gerald, and Shabtai Cohen. 2001. “Global Dimming: A Review of the Evidence for a Widespread and Significant Reduction in Global Radiation with Discussion of Its Probable Causes and Possible Agricultural Consequences.” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 107: 255–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00241-0.

Stewart, A. J., and R. G. Wetzel. 1980. “Fluorescence: Absorbance Ratios–a Molecular-Weight Tracer of Dissolved Organic Matter.” Limnology and Oceanography 25: 559–64. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2835308.

Sun, Xuguang, Elias Kaiser, Yuqi Zhang, Leo F. M. Marcelis, and Tao Li. 2024. “Quantifying the Photosynthetic Quantum Yield of Ultraviolet‐A1 Radiation.” Plant, Cell &Amp; Environment, September. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15145.

Taiz, Lincoln, Eduardo Zeiger, Ian M. Moller, and Angus Murphy. 2015. Plant Physiology and Development. 6th ed. Sinauer Associates. http://www.ebook.de/de/product/23747745/lincoln_taiz_eduardo_zeiger_plant_physiology_and_development.html.

Tanskanen, A., A. Lindfors, A. Määttä, N. Krotkov, J. Herman, J. Kaurola, T. Koskela, et al. 2007. “Validation of Daily Erythemal Doses from Ozone Monitoring Instrument with Ground-Based UV Measurement Data.” Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) 112 (D11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008830.

Tedetti, M., and R. Sempére. 2006. “Penetration of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Marine Environment: A Review.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 82: 389–97. https://doi.org/10.1562/2005-11-09-IR-733.

Tennessen, D. J., E. L. Singsaas, and T. D. Sharkey. 1994. “Light-Emitting Diodes as a Light Source for Photosynthesis Research.” Photosynthesis Research 39: 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00027146.

Tevini, M. 1993. “Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Plants.” In UV-b Radiation and Ozone Depletion: Effects on Humans, Animals, Plants, Microorganisms, and Materials, edited by M. Tevini, 125–53. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers.

Thiel, Stephan, Thorsten Döhring, Matthias Köfferlein, Andre Kosak, Peter Martin, and Harald K. Seidlitz. 1996. “A Phytotron for Plant Stress Research: How Far Can Artificial Lighting Compare to Natural Sunlight?” Journal of Plant Physiology 148 (3–4): 456–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80279-3.

Thimijan, R W, H R Carns, and L E Campbell. 1978. “Final Report (EPA-IAG-D6-0168): Radiation Sources and Related Environmental Control for Biological and Climatic Effects UV Research (BACER).” Edited by R J McCracken. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency.

Thorogood, Rose, Ville Mustonen, Alexandre Aleixo, Pedro J. Aphalo, Fred O. Asiegbu, Mar Cabeza, Johannes Cairns, et al. 2023. “Understanding and Applying Biological Resilience, from Genes to Ecosystems.” Npj Biodiversity 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44185-023-00022-6.

Tissot, Nicolas, and Roman Ulm. 2020. “Cryptochrome-Mediated Blue-Light Signalling Modulates UVR8 Photoreceptor Activity and Contributes to UV-B Tolerance in Arabidopsis.” Nature Communications 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15133-y.

Tossi, Vanesa Eleonora, Jose Javier Regalado, Jesica Iannicelli, Leandro Ezequiel Laino, Hernan Pablo Burrieza, Alejandro Salvio Escandón, and Sandra Irene Pitta-Álvarez. 2019. “Beyond Arabidopsis: Differential UV-b Response Mediated by UVR8 in Diverse Species.” Frontiers in Plant Science 10 (June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00780.

Tukey, John W. 1991. “The Philosophy of Multiple Comparisons.” Statistical Science 6 (1): 100–116. https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1177011945.

Turnbull, D. J., and P. W. Schouten. 2008. “Utilising Polyphenylene Oxide for High Exposure Solar UVA Dosimetry.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8 (10): 2759–62. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2759-2008.

Turnbull, Tarryn L., Alexandra M. Barlow, and Mark A. Adams. 2013. “Photosynthetic Benefits of Ultraviolet-A to Pimelea Ligustrina, a Woody Shrub of Sub-Alpine Australia.” Oecologia 173 (2): 375–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2640-9.

Tyler, J. E. 1968. “The Secchi Disc.” Limnology and Oceanography 13 (1): 1–6. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2833820.

UNEP. 2003. “Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change: 2002 Assessment.” Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 2: 1–72.

———. 2007. “Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change: 2006 Assessment.” Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 6 (3): 201–332.

———. 2011. “2010 Assessment Report of the Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion and Its Interactions with Climate Change.” Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 10(2), 165–320.

Urban, Otmar, Dalibor Janous, Manuel Acosta, Radek Czerny, Irena Markova, Martin Navratil, Marian Pavelka, et al. 2007. “Ecophysiological Controls over the Net Ecosystem Exchange of Mountain Spruce Stand. Comparison of the Response in Direct Vs. Diffuse Solar Radiation.” Global Change Biology 13: 157–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01265.x.

Urban, Otmar, Karel Klem, Alexander Ac, Katerina Havránková, Petra Holisová, Martin Navrátil, Martina Zitová, et al. 2012. “Impact of Clear and Cloudy Sky Conditions on the Vertical Distribution of Photosynthetic Uptake Within a Spruce Canopy.” Functional Ecology 26: 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01934.x.

Váczi, Peter, Yngvar Gauslaa, and Knut Asbjørn Solhaug. 2018. “Efficient Fungal UV-Screening Provides a Remarkably High UV-B Tolerance of Photosystem II in Lichen Photobionts.” Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 132 (November): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.033.

Van den Boogaard, R, Harbinson J, M Mensink, and J Ruijsch. 2001. “Effects of Quality and Daily Distribution of Irradiance on Photosynthetic Electron Transport and CO2 Fixation in Tomato.” In Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Photosynthesis, Brisbane, Australia, S28-030:p. 1–4.

Vandenbussche, Filip, Kimberley Tilbrook, Ana C Fierro, Kathleen Marchal, Dirk Poelman, Dominique Van Der Straeten, and Roman Ulm. 2014. “Photoreceptor-Mediated Bending Towards UV-B in Arabidopsis.” Molecular Plant 7 (6): 1041–52. https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/ssu039.

Veit, M., T. Bilger, T. Muhlbauer, W. Brummet, and K. Winter. 1996. “Diurnal Changes in Flavonoids.” Journal of Plant Physiology 148 (3-4): 478–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80282-3.

Venables, W N, and B D Ripley. 2000. S Programming. Statistics and Computing. New York: Springer.

Venables, William N., and Brian D. Ripley. 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S. 4th ed. New York: Springer.

Verdaguer, Dolors, Jansen Marcel A. K, Laura Llorens, Luis O. Morales, and Susanne Neugart. 2017. “UV-A Radiation Effects on Higher Plants: Exploring the Known Unknown.” Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.11.014.

Villafañe, V. E., K. Sundbäck, F. L. Figueroa, and E. W. Helbling. 2003. “Photosynthesis in the Aquatic Environment as Affected by UVR.” In UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, edited by E. W. Helbling and H. E. Zagarese, 357–97. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Vincent, W. F., and S. Roy. 1993. “Solar Ultraviolet-b Radiation and Aquatic Primary Production: Damage, Protection, and Recovery.” Environmental Reviews 1: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1139/a93-001.

Visser, A. J., M. Tosserams, M. W. Groen, G. W. H. Magendans, and J. Rozema. 1997. “The Combined Effects of Concentration and Solar UV-B Radiation on Faba Bean Grown in Open-Top Chambers.” Plant, Cell and Environment 20 (2): 189–99. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-64.x.

Vogelmann, T C, and J R Evans. 2002. “Profiles of Light Absorption and Chlorophyll Within Spinach Leaves from Chlorophyll Fluorescence.” Plant Cell and Environment 25: 1313–23. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00910.x.

Vogelmann, T C, and T Han. 2000. “Measurements of Gradients of Absorbed Light in Spinach Leaves from Chlorophyll Fluorescence Profiles.” Plant Cell and Environment 23: 1303–11. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00649.x.

Vogelmann, T. C., and L. O. Björn. 1984. “Measurement of Light Gradients and Spectral Regime in Plant Tissue with a Fiber Optic Probe.” Physiologia Plantarum 60: 361–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb06076.x.

Wang, L.- H., S. L. Jacques, and L.- Q. Zheng. 1995. “MCML - Monte Carlo Modeling of Photon Transport in Multi-Layered Tissues.” Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 47: 131–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(95)01640-F.

Wang, Qing-Wei, Thomas Matthew Robson, Marta Pieristè, Michio Oguro, Riichi Oguchi, Yoshinori Murai, and Hiroko Kurokawa. 2020. “Testing Trait Plasticity over the Range of Spectral Composition of Sunlight in Forb Species Differing in Shade Tolerance.” Edited by Kun-Fang Cao. Journal of Ecology 108 (5): 1923–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13384.

Wargent, Jason J, Vasilis C Gegas, Gareth I Jenkins, John H Doonan, and Nigel D Paul. 2009. “UVR8 in Regulates Multiple Aspects of Cellular Differentiation During Leaf Development in Response to Ultraviolet B Radiation.” New Phytologist 183 (2): 315–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02855.x.

Wassink, E C, and J A J Stolwijk. 1956. “Effects of Light Quality on Plant Growth.” Annual Review of Plant Physiology 7 (1): 373–400. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.07.060156.002105.

Watanabe, Masakatsu, Masaki Furuya, Yasuhiro Miyoshi, Yasunori Inoue, Isao Iwahashi, and Koichi Matsumoto. 1982. “Design and Performance of the Okazaki Large Spectrograph for Photobiological Research.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 36: 491–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1982.tb04407.x.

Webb, A., J. Gröbner, and M. Blumthaler. 2006. “A Practical Guide to Operating Broadband Instruments Measuring Erythemally Weighted Irradiance.” Produced by the joint efforts of WMO SAG UV; Working Group 4 of COST-726 Action “Long Term Changes and Climatology of UV Radiation over Europe.”

Webb, Ann R, Harry Slaper, Peter Koepke, and Alois W Schmalwieser. 2011. “Know Your Standard: Clarifying the CIE Erythema Action Spectrum.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 87: 483–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00871.x.

WHO. 2002. “Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide.” World Health Organization. http://www.unep.org/PDF/Solar_Index_Guide.pdf.

WMO. 2008. “Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation, WMO-No. 8.” World Meteorological Organization.

Wozniak, B., and J. Dera. 2007. Light Absorption in Sea Water. Vol. 33. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library. Springer, Dordrecht.

Wu, Di, Qi Hu, Zhen Yan, Wen Chen, Chuangye Yan, Xi Huang, Jing Zhang, et al. 2012. “Structural Basis of Ultraviolet-b Perception by UVR8.” Nature 484: 214--219. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10931.

Wu, Min, Elin Grahn, Leif A. Eriksson, and Ake Strid. 2011. “Computational Evidence for the Role of UVR8 as UV-b Photoreceptor and Identification of Its Chromophore Amino Acids.” Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 51: 1287–95. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci200017f.

Yan, N. D., W. Keller, N. M. Scully, D. R. S. Lean, and P. J. Dillon. 1996. “Increased UV-b Penetration in a Lake Owing to Drought-Induced Acidification.” Nature 381: 141–43. https://doi.org/10.1038/381141a0.

Yan, Yan, Frederick L. Stoddard, Susanne Neugart, Michal Oravec, Otmar Urban, Victor O. Sadras, and Pedro J. Aphalo. 2020. “The Transgenerational Effects of Solar Short-UV Radiation Differed in Two Accessions of Vicia Faba l. From Contrasting UV Environments” 248: 153145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153145.

Ylianttila, Lasse, Reijo Visuri, Laura Huurto, and Kari Jokela. 2005. “Evaluation of a Single-Monochromator Diode Array Spectroradiometer for Sunbed UV-Radiation Measurements.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 81: 333–41. https://doi.org/10.1562/2004-06-02-RA-184.

Yun, Min Ju, Yeon Hyang Sim, Seung I. Cha, and Dong Yoon Lee. 2019. “Leaf Anatomy and 3-d Structure Mimic to Solar Cells with Light Trapping and 3-d Arrayed Submodule for Enhanced Electricity Production.” Scientific Reports 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46748-x.

Zepp, R. G. 1982. “Photochemical Transformations Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems.” In The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems, edited by J. Calkins, 293–307. New York: Plenum Press.

Zhao, Jianyu, Kailiang Bo, Yupeng Pan, Yuhong Li, Daoliang Yu, Chuang Li, Jiang Chang, et al. 2023. “Phytochrome-Interacting Factor PIF3 Integrates Phytochrome b and UV-b Signaling Pathways to Regulate Gibberellin- and Auxin-Dependent Growth in Cucumber Hypocotyls.” Edited by Richard Napier. Journal of Experimental Botany 74 (15): 4520–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erad181.

Zhen, Shuyang, Marc W. van Iersel, and Bruce Bugbee. 2022. “Photosynthesis in Sun and Shade: The Surprising Importance of Far‐red Photons.” New Phytologist 236 (2): 538–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18375.

Zuur, Alain F., Elena N. Ieno, and Erik Meesters. 2009. A Beginner’s Guide to R. Springer.

Zuur, Alain F., Elena N. Ieno, Neil Walker, Anatoly A. Saveliev, and Graham M. Smith. 2009. Mixed Effects Models and Extensions in Ecology with r. New York: Springer.